Is the internet really a human right?

In our contemporary world, the internet has emerged as a pivotal medium for information dissemination and social engagement. Throughout our discussions this week, we've primarily focused on defining the internet and exploring its technical aspects. Yet, as a student of human rights and international relations, I find myself reflecting again on the very question of this session: What is the internet? And in particular in response to the High Commissioner for Human Rights on March 10, 2023: Is access to the internet truly a human right? The call to reinforce universal access to the internet as a human right, and not merely a privilege, opens a dialogue on the implications of this assertion.

Part 1: Benefits of Considering the Internet Access as a Human Right

Recognizing internet access as a human right offers numerous benefits essential for societal advancement, as highlighted by the High Commissioner. Most importantly, when internet access is labeled as a universal human right, it compels governments to ensure that all citizens, regardless of their background, can connect digitally. Access to such technology is vital for participation in civic life, education, and the economy. Hence, the universal access to the internet can significantly promote equality by bridging the digital divide among various socioeconomic groups.

In addition, the internet is a powerful tool for exercising essential derivative human rights: it enables the right of information, privacy, and facilitates freedom of expression. The internet allows marginalized communities to advocate for their rights and hold authorities accountable, thus strengthening the very foundations of democracy and empowering individuals to engage in meaningful discourse.

Part 2: Challenges and Dangers

While the acknowledgment of internet access as a human right presents important benefits, some challenges must not be overlooked. The High Commissioner’s emphasis on the need for reinforced access raises questions about the potential risks associated with this accessibility. In fact, the internet sheds light on the risks associated with the misuse of rights: online platforms can become breeding grounds for misinformation, hate speech, and incitement to violence; unrestricted freedom of speech can evolve into harmful ideologies that endanger public safety, and the unregulated use of the internet and its derivatives (such as social media) can contribute to mental health challenges and social isolation. So, can human rights be harmful? This dilemma challenges the notion of absolute rights in the digital age. We should remember that promoting unrestricted internet access without adequately addressing the potential negative consequences – through content moderation, data privacy regulations, and cybersecurity laws – could result in a chaotic environment where harmful speech and actions not only thrive but proliferate.

Concluding remarks

Initially, new technologies tend to be celebrated for their revolutionary contributions to society, enhancing communication, travel, and information access. However, as time progresses, the narrative begins to shift. They start to attract scrutiny, revealing negative consequences and ethical dilemmas. Similarly, the dual nature of the internet—both as a tool for good and evil—complicates the discourse surrounding human rights in the current digital realm.

Looking forward, while internet access should be celebrated as a driver of equality, empowerment, and opportunity for all, it remains crucial to strike a balance between ensuring its access and regulating potential harmful uses and content.

Author: Arianna

Date: 2024

Note: This essay was written in response to the High Commissioner for Human Rights’ Call for Universal Internet Access as a Human Right (March 2023), during my time at the Geneva Graduate Institute. I continue to find this question highly relevant today, as digital rights remain central to contemporary human rights debates. I would also welcome any thoughts or reflections you may have on this topic.